What is the principle of subsidiarity in canon law?

• A. Decisions are made at the highest level with no local autonomy.
• B. Decisions are made at the lowest appropriate level with higher authorities stepping in only when needed.
• C. Local authorities override bishops whenever convenient.
• D. The Holy See centralizes all governance in all matters.

Answer: (B)

Subsidiarity in canon law means resolving matters at the lowest level capable of competent action, with higher authorities stepping in only when necessary to protect rights, ensure the common good, or maintain proper order. In practice this keeps parish and diocesan decisions rooted locally—allowing pastors, councils, and bishops to handle pastoral needs and governance—while the Holy See or other higher authorities intervene only to provide guidance, confirm norms, or address issues that exceed local competence.

This is why the stated correct approach is best: decisions are made at the lowest appropriate level, with higher authorities stepping in only when needed. It contrasts with centralizing everything at the top, which would erase local initiative, and with the idea that local authorities can override bishops at will or that the Holy See governs all matters unconditionally, both of which undermine the distinct roles and communion the Church intends.