In canonical terms, which statement best describes validity and licit for a sacramental act?

• A. Valid but illicit
• B. Invalid but licit
• C. Valid and licit
• D. Invalid and illicit

Answer: (A)

In canon law, validity and licity are two separate judgments about a sacramental act. Validity asks whether the rite actually accomplishes the sacramental effect—the form, the matter, and the intention are present so the sacrament takes effect. Licity asks whether the celebration was conducted in accordance with the church’s laws—who may perform it, where, when, and under what conditions.

A sacramental act can be valid even if it is illicit. If the rite uses the proper matter and form and the minister has the right intention, the sacrament technically takes place. But if the celebration happens outside the allowed norms—without proper authorization, in an impermissible setting, or by someone lacking the proper jurisdiction—it is illicit. So you can have a valid sacrament that is illicit, which is precisely the scenario described: the sacramental act accomplishes its effect, but the manner or authority under which it was performed violated canonical rules.