How does canon law address sexual abuse cases?

• A. They are civil matters only; church has no role.
• B. They are minor offenses with no penalties.
• C. They are ignored if victim is reluctant.
• D. They are grave delicts; the law provides for reporting obligations, due process, and penalties; protection of victims and accountability are central.

Answer: (D)

In canon law, sexual abuse by clergy is treated as a grave delict, reflecting the Church’s duty to protect the vulnerable and uphold justice within its ranks. As a grave delict, it triggers formal canonical procedures, not minor sanctions or neglect. The process involves a proper ecclesiastical investigation by competent authorities, fair due process for the accused, and appropriate sanctions if guilt is established, which can range from suspension to removal from the clerical state, depending on severity and circumstances. At the same time, there is a strong emphasis on protecting victims and ensuring accountability: church authorities have reporting obligations to the right offices, steps to shield minors and vulnerable persons, and, where required, cooperation with civil authorities. This framework shows that these offenses are neither private civil matters nor minor indiscretions; they are serious crimes within canon law with structured procedures, penalties, and a focus on safeguarding and responsibility.